enemy of the Stalinists. In speeches and writings he charged the GPU with the murders of Camillo Berneri, Anarchist leader, in Barcelona; of Rudolph Klement, a lieutenant of Leon Trotsky, in Paris; of Andreas Nin, in the Spanish Civil War; of Trotsky himself, in Mexico; of Ignatz Reiss, a former GPU agent who had made a political break with the Stalinists; and of others struck down in Spain and France.

In Il Martello, in May, 1942, Carlo accused Sormenti of moving against the Mazzini Society by order of Stalin. "The method is the same," he wrote. "'If you don't want unity with us, you are agents of Hitler and Mussolini.' And there were veiled threats. The GPU is not to be taken lightly. When the GPU, through Sormenti says, 'Then let's fight,' the meaning of the threat is clear." In another issue, late in May, Tresca again referred to Sormenti in an article headed The Mazzini Society and the Fraud of Unity.

The Mazzini Society of America is an alliance of Italians and Americans of Italian descent opposed to all dictatorships and designed to keep burning the torch of freedom and human rights and to promote brotherhood between Italy and the United States.

Protecting the Mazzini Society

That summer Carlo was in the forefront of a fight to keep the Communists out of the Mazzini organization. At its convention in June, he exploded with a verbal bombshell when he read a letter from Mexico City signed with the name of Vittorio Vidali (Sormenti) and addressed to Pietro Allegra, writer for the Stalinist organ, L'Unita del Popolo. This letter, Carlo explained, was intercepted before it could reach the addressee. It expressed the wish that Randolfo Pacciarde, who had commanded the Garibaldi Brigade in Spain, take a position leading to an agreement with the Communists. "This," its author wrote, "would be very useful to the anti-Fascists."

Interrupting, Pacciardi averred that he "would not be a Trojan horse for the Communists" and demanded to know where Carlo had got the letter. Tresca declined to answer, but declared: "It is genuine, and that's all that matters."

"Unity is spoken of here," said Tresca, "as it was spoken of during the Spanish War... You, Pacciardi, and I will be put in jail or killed with a shot in the back of the head. If the Communists were sincere I would extend my hand for common action. But they are not, and they must not enter the Mazzini Society." (Italics are ours).

Henceforth Tresca fought relentlessly every attempt to admit Communists into its ranks.

He was a member of the commission headed by Prof. John Dewey which held sittings in Washington, Mexico City, and New York City, and analyzed the charges against Trotsky in the weird Moscow trials of 1937-38, and which returned a verdict of "not guilty." Also in 1942 Tresca was one of the 160 well-known persons who signed a protest to President Avila Camacho of Mexico against a "red slander campaign launched by the