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J. HENDERSON SOGA |
John Henderson Soga is two years older than his more renowned
brother Allan Kirkland Soga. Both are sons of Tiyo Soga (1829-71), the
first modern African intellectual in South Africa. John Henderson Soga
published two substantial historical works which were heavily inclined
towards ethnology within a short period: The South-Eastern Bantu
(1930) and The Ama-Xosa: Life and Customs (1932). Allan Kirkland
Soga wrote a manuscript called The Problem of the Social and Political
Regeneration of Africa which was supposed to be published in 1903,
but got lost between London, where illustrations were being made to accompany
the text, and New York, where the whole venture was suppose to see the
light of day. Perhaps one of the reasons why Kirkland Soga is more famous
is that while he was deeply preoccupied with the relationship between New
Negro modernity and New African modernity within the context of cosmopolitanism,
Henderson Soga examined the relationship between tradition and modernity
within South Africa from a perspective of tradition. Kirkland Soga's cosmopolitanism
made it possible for him to write major essays between 1903 and 1906 on
the political adversities in the construction of South African modernity
for the New Negro journal The Colored American Magazine based in
New York. The second reason may be the fact that not only he founded Izwi
Labantu in 1897 with Walter Rubusana in opposition to the conservative
hegemony of John Tengo Jabavu's Imvo Zabantsundu newspaper, but
also that in 1930s he contributed a weekly by-line to Umteteli wa Bantu,
which was then publishing many contributions from other New African intellectuals
such as R. V. Selope Thema, H. Selby-Msimang, H. I. E. Dhlomo, and Solomon
T. Plaatje. In such a circle of colleagues and friends placed him in a
prominent place within the New African Talented Tenth of the New African
Movement. Lastly, by being a founding member of the African National Congress
in 1912, he placed himself on one of the landmarks of South African history.
With his two books, John Henderson Soga places himself within another intellectual
tradition of the New African Movement: that of New African historiography.
Many would consider the founding text of this historiography to be Walter
Rubusana's History of South Africa from the Native Standpoint. A
mythical book because it has proven untraceable in all libraries of the
world (even on the World Catalogue on the Internet), yet held in very high
esteem by Jordan Kush Ngubane a few years before he died in 1985. Other
books which perhaps belong to this historiographic tradition are the following:
The Bantu: Past and Present: An Ethnographical & Historical Study
of the Native Races of South Africa (1920); Magema M. Fuze's The
Black People : And Whence They Came (Abantu Abamnyama: Lapa Bavela Ngakona,
1922 [although written a few years earlier]); Jordan Kush Ngubane's Ushaba
(1974). Each of these books is a reconstruction and a rewritting of South
African history from a New African standpoint. What John Henderson Soga
writes in the Preface to The South-Eastern Bantu could be taken
as one of the objectives of the New African historiography: "The primary
object of the book was to place in the hands of the rising generation of
the Bantu something of the history of their people, in the hope that it
might help them to a clearer perception of who and what they are, and to
encourage in them a desire for reading and for studying their language."
This aim is not that different from that of Magema M. Fuze's stated in
the Introduction [Inkondlo] to his book: "Even though I may now be alone
in this project, I think that there will be many of us desirous of having
the book Abantu Abamnyama in our schools, in order that our children may
get to know where they originally came from, because at present they do
not know. It would be well for you all to know that many of our tribes
were left behind by us at the Horn of Africa (Suez Canal). There are very
many tribes there. From the extent and large size of Africa, I can safely
assert that those of our people still living there are more enlightened
than we are here." The historical vision of the New African historiography
was fastened on the whole continent. It is very surprising that neither
John Henderson Soga nor Magema M. Fuze merited consideration in Z. K. Matthews'
South African intellectual history which appeared on the pages of Imvo
Zabantsundu from June 3 to November 21, 1961.
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