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ABNER R. MAPANYA |
Although Abner R. Mapanya was not a major intellectual
voice or a major political figure in his own right within the constellation
of the New African Movement, as editor of Umteteli wa Bantu from
the early 1920s right through the departure of R. V. Selope Thema in 1932
to assume the editorialship of the newly established Bantu World,
he presided over a pleiad of brilliant intellectuals who were contributors
to the newspaper: H. I. E. Dhlomo, Solomon T. Plaatje, Allan Kirkland Soga,
H. Selby Msimang, S. M. Bennett Ncwana, H. Selby Msimang, Mark S. Radebe
and others. That Mapanya was able retain the contributions of this group
of New African intelligentsia for so long perhaps bespeaks to his brilliance
as an editor in establishing an atmosphere of wonderful collegiality. But
strangely enough none of them in their unfortunately few autobiographical
sketches or memoirs have said anything about Abner R. Mapanya. Neither
in the voluminous writings of H. I. E. Dhlomo in Ilanga lase Natal
from 1943 to 1954 (there are many intellectual and cultural portraits of
intellectuals), nor in R. V. Selope Thema unpublished autobiography Out
of Darkness: From Cattle-Herding to the Editor’s Chair (1935), is there
a portrait of him. But there is indirect high praise of Mapanya’s editorial
policy and its high standards by Dhlomo in his review of the highlights
in the newspaper in the year of 1930: “The outstanding feature of the pages
is the masterly editorials which should be read carefully by all students
of the African Race Problem. The lead writer is not biased or partial in
his views; his language is rich, flowing, colourful and well-chosen; his
ideas and thoughts are sound and refreshing; his proposals and criticisms
constructive. In short, the editorials are scholastic and literary. It
would be interesting and valuable to put some of these into pamphlet form.
The work is a good influence and a fine example of Bantu journalism---a
subject upon which I would like to devote an entire article. In fact the
phenomenal growth of this paper---its influence, circulation and high standing---is
due to its excellent leaders and management, and to the broad policy which
can be made broader still by encouraging other than serious and political
journalism. . . . It would be extremely unfair to close this review without
passing a word of praise and admiration to Mr. R. V. Selope Thema for his
interesting and constructive articles” (“Through Umteteli’s Pages:
A Review of 1930”, Umteteli wa Bantu, January 3, 1931). That Abner
Mapanya was still editor of the newspaper at this time is indicated by
a huge photograph of the editor and fourteen staff members (including H.
I. E. Dhlomo himself, H. Selby Msimang, Richard W. Msimang) under the caption:
Greetings: From the Editor and Staff on the Occasion of Umteteli’s Tenth
Birthday (May 10, 1930). The formidable intellectual figure on the
pages of Umteteli wa Bantu in the decade of the 1920s as this homage
clearly shows was R. V. Selope Thema who was then theorizing the construction
of modernity. Not only did Selope Thema dazzle the New African intellectuals
of Dhlomo’s generation, but also of younger generations such as Jordan
Kush Ngubane. Having worked as an editorial assistant to Selope Thema in
Bantu World in the 1930s, Ngubane was in a position to make this
remarkable estimation of his mentor and master in his earlier days on the
pages of Umteteli wa Bantu: “Young Thema insisted and taught that
we should learn from these failures [of Old Africans] and meet the whiteman’s
organisation of his minority with our organisation of our majority. In
the united action of the entire African community, he saw the only hope
for his race. He preached this doctrine extensively from the time when
he entered politics, clung to it through the bitterest times, when Africans
were divided racially in the latter twentiesw of this century and to this
day preaches it with unsagging zeal. His writings which have come down
to us are drawn from the first ten years of Hertzog’s rule, when African
intellectuals took a leading part in discussing the problems of their people.
. . . In his writings, he wrote lucidly, clearly and to the point. He took
part in nearly all the stirring political controversies which shook the
African community between the years 1924 and 1939. . . . His writings today
certainly reveal very little of the brilliant journalist who made and pulled
down Congress Presidents for a quarter of a century. They have lost their
virility, nationalistic force and are not, one might add, very convincing.
No longer does Mr. Thema write to give a lead to stir his readers into
thinking. . . . There is neither disintegration nor decadence behind this;
but a grievous national tragedy. Men of Mr. Thema’s intellectual strength
do not just crumble down into nothing, nor do their thoughts and philosophies
fade into the limbo of forgotten things. These men built nations and shape
history and live throughout time. I write this to emphasize the depth of
the tragedy behind Mr. Thema’s watered-down writings” (“Three Famous African
Journalists I Knew: III Richard Victor Selope Thema”, Inkundla ya Bantu,
Second Fortnight, July 1946). One cannot easily recall such a seminal and
historic appraisal of a New African intellectual by another New African
intellectual within the New African Movement, except perhaps H. I. E. Dhlomo’s
obituaries of Solomon T. Plaatje in 1932 and that of John Langalibelele
Dube in 1946, or Ngubane’s own obituary of Pixley ka Isaka Seme in 1951.
What is so extraordinary about Ngubane’s appraisal of 1946, is that it
has been wholeheartedly endorsed by posterity. In other words, it was R.
V. Selope Thema at the height of his intellectual powers who made Umteteli
wa Bantu the great newspaper it was in the decade of the 1920s. This
uplifting of the newspaper also gave greater heights to the editorial vision
of Abner R. Mapunya.
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