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Digital Video
Video signal shot on DV or digitized for use on a computer with
a program such as Final Cut Pro
.
Analog Video
Video signal recorded on analog videotapes. Formats include VHS,
SVHS, 3/4” Umatic, Betacam SP, Video 8, Hi-8.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EDITING
Digital (AKA Non-Linear) Editing
Digital video editing on a computer system, using programs such
as Premiere, Final Cut Pro, or AVID. Non-linear editing usually
utilize a timeline interface. Also called nondestructive editing.
Analog Video Editing
Essentially the controlled recording of video and audio signal from
one tape (source) to another (record/master). Think of it as a refined
version of dubbing from one VCR to another, with a lot more control!
On-Line Editing
Analog video editing using a time code-based system. Also involves
computers (what doesn’t these days?!) but video signal is
source from and recorded onto videotapes (Betacam SP, D2, etc.)
Off-Line Editing
Analog video editing using control track, often used for rough-cuts.
COMMON TECHNICAL TERMS
Source Tape
The videotape you are editing from. The tape on which you have shot
or recorded original footage.
Record Tape
The videotape you are editing on to. Also known as your MASTER TAPE
if that is your final cut. In digital video, your completed video
can outputted more than one masters, but in analog editing there
is only one master tape.
Master Tape
The tape on which you have edited or outputted the final version
of your video.
Sub-Master
A dub (or recording) of your master tape. Usually the masters are
put away to prevent degeneration from frequent playing.
Rough Cut
A preliminary version of your video, like a draft of an essay or
story.
Final Cut
The final completed version of your video.
Video Degeneration
Every time you edit or record your footage, it goes down one generation
– losing resolution, color, etc. Frequently playing a tape
will also cause it to degenerate.
Time Code and Control Track
Both are parts of video signal that can be read by decks and computers.
TC/CT are represented as numbers that increase or decrease when
you forward or rewind a tape or clip. If you play a blank tape,
notice that the number will not move at all. TC/CT allow specific
video and/or audio segments on the tape to be identified.
Logging Your Tape
Creating a time code and reel number-based record of your source
footage in FCP to facilitate accurate and effective in/output.
You need a CONTINUOUS time code to log your tape in FCP
The easiest way to obtain continuous TC is by recording a BLACK
SIGNAL on to your blank tape. The black signal can be recorded off
the dubbing bay in Room 3, or just record a tape from start to finish
in a camera. Remember to record TC onto blank tape before you shoot
to facilitate logging.
Video Signal
The signal containing the video image (picture). Separate video
tracks can be worked on independently, or composited to create effects
such as mats and superimposed images. FCP supports up to 99 video
tracks.
Audio Signal
The signal that contains the audio (sound). FCP supports up to 99
audio tracks.
COMMON TECHNICAL TERMS—EDITING
Assemble Edit
A mode of editing that does not differentiate between video, audio,
and control track signals. It is basically like recording over your
tape.
Insert Edit
A mode of editing where you can separate the video and audio signals.
Straight Cuts
Cutting one at a time from a source tape to the record tape, without
using transitional effects. Our analog systems are straight cuts
only.
Transitional Effects
Effects that are used to transition between edits, such as dissolves,
wipes, split screens, etc. An analog A/B roll system involves two
source decks (A/B) and a video-mixer that can combine the signals.
In digital video, source clips can be composited directly by the
computer program.
1 min. Color Bars & 1 min. Of Black
It is a standard in videomaking to put 1 min. of color bars and
1 min. of black before the beginning of each video. The color bars
allow calibration of the video to the decks – i.e. make sure
the decks are set correctly for color and contrast. The black allows
for cueing of the tape. Some systems allow a numerical countdown
10 seconds before the tape (or program) begins.
In/Out Points
When editing, an IN point is the designated beginning of the edit,
and an OUT point marks the finish of the edit.
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